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28

简单

:

几乎一切需要建立从人猿到人类的进化过程是否可能的实验都无法进行

,

甚至在一个已经完成的科幻小说中的思想实验获得的知识

,

只会进一步证实

,

尔文的小引擎可以促进人类从猿 进化而来的构想

,

是多么的天真无稽。

总言之

,

作为一个爱好科学的人我不得不说

,

人是什么这个科学课题

,

如此坚定

,

如此影响深远

,

如此有创意

,

它应该引起每个人停下来重新考虑它

的意思。

我忽然想到了达尔文的答案是影响深远的

,

但幸运的是

,

也是彻底地

错了。

注释

:

1. Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (New York: Penguin, 1986), 1.

2. Ibid., 5.

3. A. K. Gauger and D. D. Axe,

The evolutionary accessibility of new enzyme

functions: a case study from the biotin pathway,

BIO-Complexity 2, no. 1 (2011):

1

17, accessed March 6, 2012, doi:10.5048/BIO-C.2011.1.

4. Paul S. Moorhead and Martin M. Kaplan, editors, Mathematical Challenges to

the Neo-Darwinian Interpretation of Evolution (Philadelphia: Wistar Institute

Press, 1967).

5. R. Durrett and D. Schmidt,

Waiting for two mutations: with applications to

regulatory sequence evolution and the limits of Darwinian evolution,

Genetics 180

(2008): 1501

1509, accessed March 6, 2012, doi:10.1534/genetics.107.082610.

6. A. K. Gauger, S. Ebnet, P. F. Fahey, and R. Seelke,

Reductive evolution

can prevent populations from taking simple adaptive paths to high fitness,

BIOComplexity1, no. 2 (2010): 1

9, accessed March 6, 2012, doi:10.5048/BIOC.

2010.2.

7. J. P. Demuth, T. De Bie, J. E. Stajich, N. Cristianini, and M. W. Hahn,

The evolution of mammalian gene families,

PLoS One 1 (2006): e85, accessed March

6, 2012, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000085.